Outline
Introduction
Information Metabolism: The Major Processes (Figure 4.23)
An Overview of DNA Replication (Figure 24.1, Figure 4.12, Figure 4.13, Figure 4.14, Figure 24.2, Figure 24.3, Figure 24.4, Figure 24.5, Figure 24.6)
A Review of Genetic Terminology (Figure 24.7, Figure 24.8)
Early Insights into DNA Replication
Semiconservative Nature of DNA Replication
Sequential Nature of Replication (Figure 24.9)
Origin and Direction of Replication
Units of Replication: The Replicon (Figure 24.13, Table 24.1)
DNA Polymerases: Enzymes Catalyzing Polynucleotide Chain Elongation
Discovery of DNA Polymerase
Structure and Activities of DNA Polymerase I
DNA Substrates for the Polymerase Reaction (Figure 24.15)
Multiple Activities in a Single Polypeptide Chain
Structure of DNA Polymerase I
DNA Polymerases II and III (Table 24.2)
Structure and Mechanism of DNA Polymerases
The DNA Polymerase III Holoenzyme
Replication Proteins Other than DNA Polymerases (Figure 24.23, Figure 22.23)
DNA Ligase: Discontinuous Replication of DNA (Figure 24.3, Figure 24.24)
Primase: Synthesis of RNA Leader Sequences (Figure 24.25, Figure 24.5)
Clamps and Clamp Loaders: Processivity
Single-Strand DNA-Binding Proteins: Maintaining Optimal Template Conformation (Figure 24.26)
Helicases: Unwinding DNA Ahead of the Fork (Figure 24.27, Figure 24.28)
Topoisomerases: Relieving Torsional Stress
Actions of Type I and Type II Topoisomerases (Figure 24.30, Figure 24.31)
The Four Topoisomerases of E. coli (Figure 24.33, Figure 24.34)
Uracil-DNA N-Glycosylase: Removal of Incorporated Uracil (Figure 24.35)
Reconstruction of Replication Machines (Figure 24.6, Figure 24.36)
Requirements for Initiation of Replication
Initiation of E. coli DNA Replication at oric (Figure 24.37)
Plasmid DNA Replication: Control of Initiation by RNA (Figure 24.38)
Mitochondrial DNA: Two Unidirectional Replication Forks (Figure 24.39)
Replication of Linear Genomes (Figure 24.40, Figure 24.41ab, Figure 24.41c, Figure 24.42)
Fidelity of DNA Replication (Figure 24.44)
RNA Viruses: The Replication of RNA Genomes
RNA-Dependent RNA Replicases
Replication of Retroviral Genomes (Figure 24.45)