Amylose is a
component of starch. The other
component, amylopectin, is structurally different from amylose.
Amylose is composed of a polymer of glucose with links
exclusively in the
1,4 orientation, whereas amylopectin
contains
1,6 branches in addition to the
1,4 linkages.The
unbranched structure of amylose causes the polymer to exist
as a long, coiled helix under conditions when it can be stabilized.
One substance that will stabilize an amylose helix is iodine,
which fits into the hollow core of the structure. Binding of iodine
to amylose helices produces an intense blue color and has long
been used as a qualitative test for starch. Polymers consisting
solely of glucose are called glucans.