Outline

Introduction (Figure 1.1)

Revolution in biological sciences

Designing Molecules

6-Mercaptopurine
3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT)
Isoproterenol

What is Biochemistry?

Goals of Biochemistry

Describe structure, organization, function of cells in molecular terms.

Structural Chemistry
Metabolism
Molecular Genetics

Roots of Biochemistry (Figure 1.3)

Wohler's synthesis of urea
Buchners' fermentation of sugar from yeast extracts
Sumner's crystallization of urease
Flemming's discovery of chromosomes
Mendel's characterization of genes
Miescher's isolation of nucleic acids
Watson and Crick's structure of DNA

Biochemistry as a Discipline

Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

Amino acids
Sugars
Lipids
Nucleotides
Vitamins
Hormones

Chemical Elements of Living Matter(Figure 1.4, Table 1.1)

Biological Molecules

Monomers/Polymers (Figure 1.7)
Sugar/Polysaccharide
Nucleotide/Nucleic Acids
Amino acid/Polypeptides (Figure 1.6)

Biochemistry as a Biological Science

Distinguishing Characteristics of Living Matter

Constant renewal of a highly ordered structure accompanied by an increase in complexity of that structure

Overcoming entropy requires energy

Life is self-replicating

Unit of Biological Organization: The Cell (Figure 1.8, Figure 1.9)

Prokaryotes (Table 1.2)

Eubacteria
Archaebacteria

Eukaryotes (Compartmentalization of organelles) (Figure 1.11, Figure 1.13)

Windows on Cellular Functions: The Viruses

New Tools in the Biological Revolution(Figure 1.15)

The Uses of Biochemistry

Agriculture

Medicine

Nutrition

Clinical Chemistry

Pharmacology

Toxicology