1. Which of the following is the most accurate description of cancer?

    a mutation in DNA
    tissue irritation or sores
    tissue edema
    uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells

  2. What is the rank of cancer among the leading causes of death in the U.S.?

    first
    second
    third
    fourth

  3. Which age group is most likely to contract cancer?

    youths and children
    young adults
    middle age
    older adults

  4. The key to survival from cancer is:

    regular exercise.
    early detection.
    proper diet.
    smoking cessation.

  5. Which of the following types of cell growth is usually NOT a serious health threat?

    malignant tumors
    benign tumors
    cysts
    carcinogenic tumors

  6. Which of the following is NOT associated with the rise in the incidence of cancer?

    chemicals in food and water
    smoking and drinking
    high-fat diets
    regular exercise

  7. Carcinogens are agents that:

    cause cancer.
    alter hereditary predisposition.
    reduce radiation and sunlight effects.
    protect cells from DNA damage.

  8. How do normal cells become cancerous?

    exposure to bacterial carriers
    cell damage due to injuries and trauma
    DNA damage and uncontrolled cell growth
    any significant lifestyle changes will increase risk

  9. What is the most common type of cancer?

    lung
    colon
    skin
    breast

  10. Regarding race and the incidence of cancer:

    a greater percentage of African Americans than whites die from cancer
    the risks of death due to cancer are the same for African Americans and whites
    a greater number of whites die from cancer than any other race
    there is no difference among all races

  11. What is the single greatest factor in the incidence of cancer deaths?

    various viral infections
    occupational carcinogens
    radiation
    tobacco use

  12. Which nutrient/food group below is linked to a reduced risk of developing cancer?

    free radicals
    vitamins A, E, and C
    red meats and pork
    whole grains

  13. Regarding exercise and the risk of cancer, studies indicate that exercise:

    is unrelated to the incidence of cancer.
    increases the incidence of cancer in bone and muscle tissue.
    provides some protection for some types of cancer.
    strengthens the immune system, protecting the body from cancer-causing agents.

  14. Which of the following factors is considered the most important for controlling the risk of cancer?

    diet regulation
    ultraviolet light
    alcohol consumption
    smokeless tobacco

  15. Which of the following factors have proven to be major contributors to DNA damage associated with the onset of cancer?

    beta-carotene
    free radicals
    high-fiber foods
    antioxidants

  16. Metastasis is:

    damage to DNA by any carcinogen.
    the process by which cancer cells are spread throughout the body.
    a treatment found to be effective in cancer prevention.
    a hereditary factor that promotes cancer among related individuals.

  17. Testicular cancer is most prevalent among:

    the elderly; 60 and above.
    35- to 50-year-old males.
    preadolescents.
    15- to 34-year-old males.

  18. A malignant melanoma is cancer of the:

    stomach.
    mouth.
    skin.
    liver.

  19. Which type of cancer is responsible for the greatest number of deaths?

    breast
    liver
    lung
    skin

  20. In comparing smokers to non-smokers, statistics show non-smokers live:

    about 7 years longer.
    about 11 years longer.
    about 17 years longer.
    to about the same age as smokers.

  21. Does moderate drinking of alcoholic beverages affect the risk of breast cancer among women?

    increases risk
    decreases risk
    There is no relationship.
    It varies, depending on the type of alcohol.

  22. Chemicals used or produced that increase the risk of cancer are:

    industrial hazards.
    pesticides/herbicides.
    occupational carcinogens.
    irradiants.

  23. What are the leading causes of oral cancer?

    ultraviolet light and radiation
    diet and nutrition
    alcohol and tobacco use
    medicines and heredity

  24. Even if you don't burn, getting a tan is not considered safe or healthy since:

    sun exposure creates links to many types of cancer.
    exposure to ultraviolet light is cumulative.
    sun exposure is seldom evenly distributed over the body.
    heat raises body temperature.

  25. Lifestyle choices and environmental factors are responsible for about:

    20% of all cancers.
    40% of all cancers.
    60% of all cancers.
    80% of all cancers.

  26. Which of the following is NOT considered an occupational carcinogen?

    nickel
    ultraviolet light
    asbestos
    chromate

  27. Exposure to the ultraviolet light of tanning salons:

    is less dangerous than exposure to the sun.
    produces about the same risk as exposure to the sun.
    involves no risk of skin damage whatsoever.
    is about twice as risky as exposure to the sun.

  28. Excluding skin cancer, the most common cancer for men is:

    testicular cancer.
    colon cancer.
    kidney cancer.
    prostate cancer.

  29. Excluding skin cancer, the most common cancer for women is:

    breast cancer.
    mouth cancer.
    uterine cancer.
    stomach cancer.

  30. Cancer is:

    a single disease caused by one basic factor.
    a class of diseases caused by multiple factors.
    any viral infection that produces swelling of the lymph nodes.
    the result of chronic overuse of muscle tissues.